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Breast Cancer Treatment
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At Tucson Breast Health Specialists, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Whether you are navigating a recent diagnosis or seeking preventive care, Dr. Ley, a breast surgical oncologist, offers personalized treatment plans to address your unique needs. Our approach includes the latest advancements in breast cancer care, diagnosis, and prevention, ensuring the best possible outcomes for every patient. 

What is Breast Cancer? 

Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast tissue begin to grow uncontrollably. These cancerous cells can form a lump or tumor and, in some cases, may spread to other areas of the body. Breast cancer can develop in both men and women, but it is more common in women. There are different types of breast cancer, including both invasive and non-invasive forms, each requiring specialized care and treatment. 

Breast Cancer Diagnosis

A breast cancer diagnosis often begins with imaging tests and biopsies used to detect breast cancer early, especially when breast cancer symptoms like lumps or skin changes appear. Once identified, breast cancer stages help guide treatment options, which may include breast cancer surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapies tailored to specific breast cancer subtypes. In aggressive forms like inflammatory breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer, doctors may combine systemic approaches to treat cancer effectively by targeting the spread and growth of breast cancer cells throughout your body.

Types of Breast Cancer 

Breast cancer encompasses a variety of conditions, each with its own unique characteristics and treatment needs. Understanding the different types of breast cancer is essential for determining the appropriate course of treatment or breast surgery, as each form may require a tailored approach to achieve the best outcomes for patients. 

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) 

DCIS is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts but has not spread beyond the ducts into the surrounding tissue. Although it is not yet invasive, DCIS is considered a precursor to invasive breast cancer and requires treatment to prevent progression. 

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) 

LCIS is another non-invasive condition where abnormal cells grow in the lobules (milk-producing glands) of the breast. While LCIS is not considered cancer, it increases the risk of developing invasive breast cancer later in life. Patients with LCIS require close monitoring. Some may need surgery to sample the area.  

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) 

IDC is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all breast cancer cases. IDC begins in the milk ducts and spreads to the surrounding tissue. If not treated, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. 

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) 

ILC originates in the milk-producing lobules and can spread to surrounding tissue. While ILC is less common than IDC, it is an invasive form of cancer that can also spread (metastasize) in the same way ductal cancer spreads. It differs in that it can be larger than it appears on imaging.  

Other Types of Breast Cancer 

Other rarer forms of breast cancer include sarcoma (cancer of the connective tissue in the breast) and malignant phyllodes tumors (rare tumors that grow in the connective tissue of the breast). These types of cancer require specialized treatment due to their unique characteristics. 

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed? 

Early detection plays a key role in successful breast cancer treatment. Common diagnostic tools include: 

  • Mammograms: X-ray images of the breast used to detect early signs of cancer. 
  • Breast Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of the breast tissue, often used to investigate abnormal findings from a mammogram. 
  • MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging to further evaluate the extent of the cancer. 
  • Biopsy: A procedure where a sample of tissue is removed and tested for cancer cells. This can help confirm the type of breast cancer. 

How is Breast Cancer Treated? 

Breast cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer. Common treatments include: 

  • Surgical Procedures: Removal of the tumor(partial mastectomy) or whole breast (mastectomy), depending on the cancer’s size and spread. Oncoplastic surgery may follow.  
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays used to kill cancer cells, usually after surgery. 
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs used to destroy cancer cells, particularly in more advanced stages of cancer or to shrink tumors before surgery. 
  • Hormone Therapy: For cancers that are hormone receptor-positive, medications can block or lower estrogen levels to stop cancer growth. 
  • Targeted Therapy: Uses drugs to target specific cancer cell mechanisms, often with fewer side effects than chemotherapy. 
  • Immunotherapy: Helps boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer. 

Preventing Breast Cancer 

While not all cases of breast cancer can be prevented, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk: 

  • Regular Screening: While they do not prevent breast cancer, routine mammograms and self-examinations can help catch breast cancer early when it is most treatable. 
  • Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco use can help lower the risk. Following a plant-based diet or Mediterranean diet, consuming less than 4 drinks of alcohol a week, and exercising more than 4 hours a week can all help reduce risk.  
  • Genetic Testing: For individuals with a family history of breast cancer, genetic counseling and testing may be recommended to assess inherited risk.  
  • Medications: For high-risk individuals, medications like tamoxifen or raloxifene may help prevent the development of breast cancer. 

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer 

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer, including: 

  • Age: The risk increases with age, especially after 50. 
  • Family History: A family history of breast cancer, especially in first-degree relatives, increases the risk. 
  • Genetic Mutations: Inherited mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, increase the risk of developing breast cancer. 
  • Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy can increase the risk. 

Learn More 

At Tucson Breast Health Specialists, we provide compassionate care and expert treatment for all types of breast cancer, from early-stage to advanced cases. We work closely with each patient to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their unique needs and circumstances, and are always staying up to date regarding new therapies. Early detection, timely treatment, and preventive care are essential in managing breast cancer effectively and ensuring your well-being. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with breast cancer, don’t hesitate to contact us to schedule an appointment and discuss your treatment options. 

For expert breast cancer treatment in Tucson, AZ, trust the team at Tucson Breast Health Specialists to support you every step of the way. 

Breast Cancer Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main treatment options for breast cancer?

Treatment for breast cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these. The treatment plan depends on the type, stage, and characteristics of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health and preferences.

What types of surgery are used for breast cancer?

Common surgical options include lumpectomy, which removes the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue, and mastectomy, which removes the entire breast. Some patients may also have lymph node surgery to check for cancer spread.

How do I choose between lumpectomy and mastectomy?

The choice depends on the size and location of the tumor, breast size, personal preferences, and whether you are a candidate for radiation therapy. Your surgeon can help you weigh the benefits and risks of each option.

What is breast-conserving surgery?

Breast conserving surgery, also called a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, removes the cancer and some surrounding tissue while preserving most of the breast. This is usually followed by radiation therapy to lower the risk of recurrence.

Why would lymph nodes be removed during surgery?

Lymph nodes are removed to determine whether the cancer has spread beyond the breast. This helps guide treatment decisions and predict the risk of recurrence.

Will I need radiation after surgery?

Radiation is often recommended after breast-conserving surgery and sometimes after mastectomy if there is a higher risk of recurrence. Your care team will decide based on the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and other factors.

How soon after my breast cancer diagnosis do I need to have surgery?

Most patients have surgery within a few weeks of diagnosis, allowing time for necessary tests and treatment planning. In some cases, chemotherapy or other medications are given first to treat and shrink the tumor before surgery. Some surgeries require more planning and the time to surgery may be longer.

What should I ask my surgeon before breast cancer surgery?

You may want to ask about the type of surgery recommended, whether lymph nodes will be removed, the risks and benefits, recovery time, the need for additional treatments, and breast reconstruction options. You should ask about the differences in long term outcomes between the different options.

When is breast reconstruction done?

Breast reconstruction can be performed at the same time as mastectomy (immediate reconstruction) or at a later date (delayed reconstruction), depending on your treatment plan and personal preference.

What are the risks of breast cancer surgery?

As with any surgical procedure, there are some risks involved. Possible risks include infection, bleeding, scarring, changes in breast shape or sensation, fluid buildup, and complications related to anesthesia. Lymphedema can also occur if lymph nodes are removed.

What kind of surgeons perform breast cancer surgery?

Breast surgical oncologists are specially trained in all aspects of breast cancer treatment through a breast surgical fellowship which follows a 5 year general surgery residency. Some breast surgeons may not be fellowship trained but may have specialized in performing only breast cancer surgeries. When choosing a surgeon, it is important to identify if they are fellowship trained, if they perform oncoplastic breast surgery and nipple sparing mastectomy as well as work closely with plastic surgeons and oncologists to plan your care. In general, surgeons who exclusively care for breast cancer patients are knowledgeable and skilled in current breast cancer treatment options and surgeries and offer improved outcomes.

What is a Tumor Board?

Most dedicated breast surgeons participate in a regularly scheduled breast cancer conference called “tumor board” where multiple physicians from oncology, pathology, radiology and surgery discuss and plan treatments for patients. Slides of the pathology and the imaging are reviewed and there is a discussion of best practices and current research relevant to the patients situation. This environment stimulates physicians to learn new treatment options and think creatively when making a treatment plan. When selecting a surgeon, ask if they participate in the local breast cancer conference.

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Board-Certified Surgeon

MICHELE LEY, MD, FACS

Dr. Ley, a breast surgical oncologist in Tucson since 2006, delivers compassionate and personalized care to create tailored treatment plans based on the latest research. Specializing in surgical care for breast cancer and high-risk patients, she employs minimally invasive techniques and practices oncoplastic surgery to optimize outcomes.

More About Dr. Ley

“The level of care is excellent.”

Dr. Ley is an excellence breast oncology surgeon, with incredible knowledge and genuine compassion. From the initial consultation to post-operative care, Dr. Ley’s meticulous approach and comprehensive understanding of breast oncology instilled confidence and eased my anxieties. The dedication to her patient’s well-being extends far beyond medical procedures; she fosters a supportive environment where empathy and personalized care is a priority.What sets Dr. Ley apart is her ability to treat not just the disease but the individual, providing unwavering support and guidance throughout the journey. Her warmth, coupled with a skilled surgical hand, empower patients with hope and resilience. Dr. Ley’s practice, marked by professionalism and kindness from every member of her team, ensures that patients receive not only top-notch medical care but also a nurturing environment conducive to healing. Dr. Ley is a beacon of hope and excellence in battling breast cancer.

I have no words to express my gratitude for Dr. Ley! I was diagnosed Feb. 2020 and Dr. Ley besides being the best in her field and doing an amazing job on my double mastectomy she was even able to save my nipples. She is also a remarkable human being, patient, kind very clear in explaining everything and making you feel heard and safe in her hands. I 100% recommend her and her very helpful, kind and amazing team! If you have recently been diagnosed this is the team you want to have your back!

When diagnosed with Breast Cancer my daughter, which is a surgical nurse, started searching for a breast surgeon for me. Within a short period of time, she called stating “Mom, Dr Ley is the surgeon for you”! I have not been disappointed & have had nothing but positive experiences with Dr. Ley & her staff. They truly care.

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We are dedicated to providing the support you need. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help on your breast health journey.

We are only accepting patients with surgical breast diseases. We do not see patients for breast pain or without imaging in the last three months. If you have been diagnosed with one of the following, please submit the contact form or call our office at (520) 605-2778 to schedule your appointment.

  • Breast cancer, DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ), invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, and any other breast malignancies such as sarcoma, and malignant phyllodes
  • Patients with known genetic mutations such as BRCA 1, 2, and others
  • Fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor, radial scar, complex sclerosing lesion, papilloma >8mm, atypical papilloma, nipple mass or ulceration,
  • Granulomatous mastitis
  • Atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia ( ALH, ADH), and any benign lesion with atypia